实验拓扑如下
原理与配置
通过收到数据帧，记录它的源码地址，和接收这数据帧接口的对应关系，形成目的地址表。
转发，接收到帧之后，单播帧，查看地址表内是否有目的地址，mac地址表，有就转发到对应的地址，没的话就泛洪。
mac地址表是缓存的，
不同vlan 不能通信是因为，不能查看其他vlan 的mac地址表，
vlan 10
dis vlan 查看vlan
access 用来连接pc 服务器，只能加入一个vlan
trunk 允许多个vlan 数据帧通过， 交换机之间连接，路由器，防火墙，
Hybrid 允许多个vlan 通过，可灵活指定hybrid 接口在发送某个vlan 的数据帧，是否携带tag
int 指定接口，
port link-type ?后面可以查看指定的接口类型，
access dotly-tunnel hybrid trunk
port link-type access 配置接口类型，
port default vlan 10 指定默认vlan
dis this 查看接口配置，
在sw1 上操作，
[SW1]vlan 20 设置vlan
[SW1-vlan20]q
[SW1]
Jul 23 2026 15:43:42-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 8, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW1]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/2(U) GE0/0/3(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D)
GE0/0/6(D) GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D)
GE0/0/10(D) GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D)
GE0/0/14(D) GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D)
GE0/0/18(D) GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D)
GE0/0/22(D) GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
10 common UT:GE0/0/1(U)
20 common
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
10 enable default enable disable VLAN 0010
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
[SW1]int g0/0/3
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]por 在接口上设置接口类型，
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port li
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type ac
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3][
Jul 23 2026 15:44:22-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 9, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]po
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port de
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vl
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 20 添加进某个vlan
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]dis
Jul 23 2026 15:44:42-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 10, the
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]dis
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]display thi
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]display this
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
port link-type access
port default vlan 20
#
return
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]q
[SW1]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/2(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D)
GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D)
GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D)
GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D)
GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D)
GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
10 common UT:GE0/0/1(U)
20 common UT:GE0/0/3(U)
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
10 enable default enable disable VLAN 0010
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
[SW1]
Jul 23 2026 15:45:35-08:00 SW1 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[2]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to down
Jul 23 2026 15:45:36-08:00 SW1 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[3]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to up
Jul 23 2026 15:46:47-08:00 SW1 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[4]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to down
Jul 23 2026 15:46:48-08:00 SW1 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[5]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to up
Jul 23 2026 15:51:46-08:00 SW1 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[6]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to down
Jul 23 2026 15:51:47-08:00 SW1 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[7]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to up
Jul 23 2026 15:53:19-08:00 SW1 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[8]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to down
Jul 23 2026 15:53:20-08:00 SW1 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[9]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to up User interface con0 is available
Please Press ENTER.
<SW1>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[SW1]int g0/0/2
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port l
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]por
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port
Jul 23 2026 15:55:52-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 11, the
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]po
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk ?
allow-pass Allowed vlan
pvid Specify current port's PVID VLAN characteristics
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk al
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vl
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis t
Jul 23 2026 15:56:32-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 12, the
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
^
Error:Ambiguous command found at '^' position.
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis thi
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis this
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
#
return
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[SW1]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/2(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D)
GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D)
GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D)
GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D)
GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D)
GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
10 common UT:GE0/0/1(U)
TG:GE0/0/2(U)
20 common UT:GE0/0/3(U)
TG:GE0/0/2(U)
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
10 enable default enable disable VLAN 0010
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
[SW1]int g0/0/2
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]undo por
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]undo port t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]undo port trunk al
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]undo port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 取消vlan
Jul 23 2026 16:00:20-08:00 SW1 %%01IFNET/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface Vlanif1 has
turned into DOWN state.
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Jul 23 2026 16:00:22-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 13, the
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis thi
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis this
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
port link-type trunk
undo port trunk allow-pass vlan 1
port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
#
return
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Jul 23 2026 16:00:57-08:00 SW1 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[1]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to down
Jul 23 2026 16:00:58-08:00 SW1 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[2]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to up在sw 2上操作
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname
[Huawei]sysname SW2
[SW2]
Jul 23 2026 15:40:04-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2]vlan 20
[SW2-vlan20]q
[SW2]int g0/0
Jul 23 2026 15:40:34-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 5, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
^
Error: Wrong parameter found at '^' position.
[SW2]int g0/0/2
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port li
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-?
link-flap link-type
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type ac
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Jul 23 2026 15:41:04-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 6, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]por
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port d
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port de
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vl
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[SW2]
Jul 23 2026 15:41:34-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 7, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/3(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D)
GE0/0/6(D) GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D)
GE0/0/10(D) GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D)
GE0/0/14(D) GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D)
GE0/0/18(D) GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D)
GE0/0/22(D) GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
20 common UT:GE0/0/2(U)
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
[SW2]
[SW2]vlan 10
[SW2-vlan10]q
[SW2]int g
Jul 23 2026 15:45:15-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 8, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[SW2]int g0/03
^
Error: Wrong parameter found at '^' position.
[SW2]int g0/0/3
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]por
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port in
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port l
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type a
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]por
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port
Jul 23 2026 15:45:55-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 9, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]por
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port de
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 10
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]q
[SW2]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D)
GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D)
GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D)
GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D)
GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D)
GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
10 common UT:GE0/0/3(U)
20 common UT:GE0/0/2(U)
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
10 enable default enable disable VLAN 0010
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
[SW2]
Jul 23 2026 15:46:25-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 10, the
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
Jul 23 2026 15:54:25-08:00 SW2 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[0]: GigabitEthernet0/0/2: cha
nge status to down
Jul 23 2026 15:54:26-08:00 SW2 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[1]: GigabitEthernet0/0/2: cha
nge status to up User interface con0 is available
Please Press ENTER.
<SW2>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[SW2]int g0/0/3
Jul 23 2026 15:57:16-08:00 SW2 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[0]: GigabitEthernet0/0/2: cha
nge st
[SW2]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D)
GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D)
GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D)
GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D)
GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D)
GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
10 common UT:GE0/0/3(U)
20 common UT:GE0/0/2(U)
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
10 enable default enable disable VLAN 0010
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
[SW2]int g0/0/1
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port li
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]por
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port t
Jul 23 2026 15:57:55-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 11, the
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
^
Error:Ambiguous command found at '^' position.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]tor
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]por
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk a
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 添加通过的vlan
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Jul 23 2026 15:58:15-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 12, the
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[SW2]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D)
GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D)
GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D)
GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D)
GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D)
GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
10 common UT:GE0/0/3(U)
TG:GE0/0/1(U)
20 common UT:GE0/0/2(U)
TG:GE0/0/1(U)
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
10 enable default enable disable VLAN 0010
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
[SW2]
[SW2]
Jul 23 2026 16:02:20-08:00 SW2 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[1]: GigabitEthernet0/0/2: cha
nge status to down
Jul 23 2026 16:02:21-08:00 SW2 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[2]: GigabitEthernet0/0/2: cha
nge status to up
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk al
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[SW2]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D)
GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D)
GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D)
GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D)
GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D)
GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
10 common UT:GE0/0/3(U)
TG:GE0/0/1(U)
20 common UT:GE0/0/2(U)
TG:GE0/0/1(U)
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
10 enable default enable disable VLAN 0010
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
[SW2]如果配置成hgbrid 类型，就需要，打标签，剥离标签
如图
进入接口后，
port hybrid pvid vlan 20
port hybrid untagged vlan 20 接收就剥离，发出去就打标签，tag,
原创
vlan 原理与配置
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