交换机具有自我协商功能
可以实现工作工作方式，端口速率的协商==向小兼容
报文的学习=动态mac地址表=300s=老化时间=5分钟，
ARP表=20分钟，
ip与mac的对应关系，
作用用于通信设备进行数据封装的
存在任何需要封装的设备，
MAC 地址表=5分钟，
mac 地址和端口的对应关系，用于交换机中转发数据的
广播域，广播报文传递范围，默认交换机所有接口都处于一个广播域，，
vlan 虚拟局域网，理解成一个虚拟的交换机，
vlan 范围0-4095 可以用的是1-4094
接收方向
配置VLAN
1、终端接口配置vlan用access接口类型
vlan 10 创建Vlan10
vlan batch 10 20 30 连续创建VLAN10 20 30
int g0/0/1 进入接口1
port link-type access 更改接口类型 标签即vlan号，
port default vlan 10 将接口10加入Vlan10
access接口主要应用于交换机和其他终端之间，作用是打标签和剥离标签2、交换机之间配置vlan用trunk接口类型
int g0/0/3 进入接口
port link-type trunk 更改接口类型
port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20（all）允许交换机之间相同vlan通讯或者全部vlan通讯
undo port trunk vlan1 关闭vlan1通讯
Trunk接口主要应用于交换机之间，用于vlan之间带标签通信
3、Hybrid的tagger接口状态用于交换机与交换机之间的带标签通讯，untagger接口状态用于交换机和终端设备间的无标签通讯
vlan batch vlan 2 3 100 全局创建Vlan
进入交换机互联接口
int g0/0/1
port link-type hybrid 定义接口类型
port hrbrid tagged vlan 2 3 100允许接口通过带着vlan 2 3 100标签的数据
进入终端互联接口
int g0/0/2
port link-type hybrid 定义接口类型
port hybrid pvid vlan 2 更改接口的PVID
port hybrid untagged vlan 2 100 允许接口通过剥离标签的vlan类型
进入接口3
int g0/0/3
port hybrid pvid 3更改接口的pvid
port hrbrid untagged vlan 3 100 允许通过剥离vlan3 100标签的vlan类型
untag不要理解为剥离标签的动作，而是理解为此接口允许无标签的数据通过，是一种数据状态。过来的数据无标签直接放行，有标签就剥离标签放行
交换机方向过来有标签的，接口剥离标签才能跟下一跳的终端通信；终端方向过来无标签的，接口给打上标签，才能与下一跳的交换设备通信====================================================================
做一个小实验
创建vlan 和之前创建ospf 相似 都要提前创建
<Huawei>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sy SW1
[SW1]
Jul 29 2025 16:29:18-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW1]dis vlan 未创建vlan 时的vlan 默认vlan 1 所有接口都在这vlan
The total number of vlans is : 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/2(U) GE0/0/3(U) GE0/0/4(D)
GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D) GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D)
GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D) GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D)
GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D) GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D)
GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D) GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D)
GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D) GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
[SW1]vlan 10
[SW1-vlan10]q
[SW1]vlan 20 创建vlan q是退出，
Jul 29 2025 16:30:28-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 5, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW1-vlan20]q
[SW1]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/2(U) GE0/0/3(U) GE0/0/4(D)
GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D) GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D)
GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D) GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D)
GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D) GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D)
GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D) GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D)
GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D) GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
10 common
20 common
Jul 29 2025 16:30:38-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 6, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
10 enable default enable disable VLAN 0010
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
现在进入接口
[SW1]int g0/0/1
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]po
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port l
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-ty
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type ? 这里是其他接口类型， hybrid默认是这个类型
access Access port
dot1q-tunnel QinQ port
hybrid Hybrid port
trunk Trunk port
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type ac
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display th 查看配置，
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
port link-type access 有下面这个代表是之前有人配置过，
#
return
接下来在access下添加进vlan
SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]po
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port de
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default v
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
然后我们查看一下，
[SW1]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/2(U) GE0/0/3(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D)
GE0/0/6(D) GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D)
GE0/0/10(D) GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D)
GE0/0/14(D) GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D)
GE0/0/18(D) GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D)
GE0/0/22(D) GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
10 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) 接口已经添加进了vlan 10
20 common
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
10 enable default enable disable VLAN 0010
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
[SW1]另一个接口的配置
[SW1]int g0/0/2
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port type-
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port type-l
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port type-
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port type-
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port type-?
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port l
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l a 确定其接口状态
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Jul 29 2025 16:43:29-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 9, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p d v 20 划分进vlan 20
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Jul 29 2025 16:43:49-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 10, the
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[SW1]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/3(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D)
GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D)
GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D)
GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D)
GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D)
GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
10 common UT:GE0/0/1(U)
20 common UT:GE0/0/2(U)
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
10 enable default enable disable VLAN 0010
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
[SW1]接口3也需要操作的，Trunk接口主要应用于交换机之间，用于vlan之间带标签通信
[SW1]int g0/0/3
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port l
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type tr
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type trunk 改变接口类型，
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]
Jul 29 2025 16:59:49-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 11, the
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]po
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port l
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type ?
access Access port
dot1q-tunnel QinQ port
hybrid Hybrid port
trunk Trunk port
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?
port port-auto-sleep
port-isolate port-mirroring
port-security portal
portswitch
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port ?
add-tag Add outer tag based on acl
discard Discard
link-flap Link flap
link-type Switch port link type
mux-vlan Multiplex vlan
priority Specify current port's priority
trunk Trunk port
type Type
vlan-mapping VLAN Mapping
vlan-stacking VLAN Stacking
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk ?
allow-pass Allowed vlan
pvid Specify current port's PVID VLAN characteristics
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk al
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass SW2 上操作， 基础配置，
<Huawei>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sy SW2
[SW2]vlan 10
Jul 29 2025 16:47:39-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records
[SW2]vlan b
[SW2]vlan batch 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[SW2]
Jul 29 2025 16:48:40-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 5, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2]int g
^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[SW2]int g0/0/1
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l a
确认接口类型，
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port de
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default v
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10 划分vlan
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Jul 29 2025 16:50:30-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 7, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2 进入接口2 然后
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Jul 29 2025 16:50:53-08:00 SW2 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[1]: GigabitEthernet0/0/2: cha
nge status to down
Jul 29 2025 16:50:54-08:00 SW2 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[2]: GigabitEthernet0/0/2: cha
nge status to up
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l a 确认类型，
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Jul 29 2025 16:52:10-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 8, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p d v 20
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis v 划分vlan
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/3(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D)
GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D)
GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D)
GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D)
GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D)
GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
10 common UT:GE0/0/1(U)
20 common UT:GE0/0/2(U)
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
10 enable default enable disable VLAN 0010
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
[SW2]int g0/0/3
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p l t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p t a v a
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]
Jul 29 2025 17:06:10-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 12, the
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p
Jul 29 2025 17:06:14-08:00 SW2 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[2]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to down
Jul 29 2025 17:06:15-08:00 SW2 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[3]: GigabitEthernet0/0/1: cha
nge status to up
Error: The interface is already a L2 interface.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk a
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass v
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan a
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan all 